Friday, February 28, 2014

GPS Celebrates 25 Years In Space

This month marks the 25th anniversary of when the first GPS satellite was launched into space at Cape Canaveral. The exact date of that first launch was February 14, 1989, marking the first steps in building a system with capabilities that were incomprehensible at the time. The Global Positioning System is made up of a minimum of 24 satellites orbiting Earth’s atmosphere. Each satellite travels one of six orbital paths 20,000 kilometers (12.4 miles) above us. This way, at any point on the earth’s surface, enough satellites are within range in order to triangulate a location.


Animation: El pak/Wikimedia

Image courtesy of El pak from Wikimedia


Interestingly enough, the very beginnings of the idea for GPS technology began back during the Cold War era space race. The Russians were the first to successfully launch a satellite into orbit in 1957. The satellite was called Sputnik and emitted a regular beeping signal, which could be detected with radio receivers on the ground as it passed overhead. While much of the U.S. were in a paranoid panic about Russian spy technology, two scientists from the Applied Physics Laboratory discovered a way to measure the exact location of the satellite based on the transmission.


Much like how a fire truck siren sounds louder as it’s approaching and quieter once it’s passed, Sputnik’s transmission would get compressed and shorten as it approached and the wavelengths lengthened as it passed. This phenomenon is also known as the Doppler effect. The scientists were able to figure out Sputnik’s orbit using one of the first U.S. commercial computers. Not long after, the team was asked if they could determine a person’s location on Earth, based on where the satellite was in its orbit. Working with DARPA (the Department of Defense’s Advanced Research Projects Agency), also responsible for developing the Internet, they began launching their own satellites in 1964 as part of the U.S.’s first satellite navigation system, called TRANSIT, which was primarily used by the Navy missile submarines.


Essentially, most of the first satellite navigation systems were developed in order to improve the accuracy of missile launches. During the Cold War, the U.S. military was invested in being able to launch nuclear missiles from anywhere they could. Because the TRANSIT program was working well, in the 1960s, the U.S. Air Force launched their own satellite navigation system, called MOSAIC. The Army soon followed with their SECOR program, which used satellites to find the location of a unit on Earth. Around 1973, the military realized they could combine all three satellite navigation systems to create something much more sophisticated.


They came up with a program called Navstar-GPS (Navigation System Using Timing and Ranging Program – Global Positioning System), which was eventually shortened to GPS. The military launched 11 more navigation satellites into space between 1978 and 1985, although only ten of them were functional. In 1983 a Korean Air Lines flight was shot down after it drifted into forbidden U.S.S.R. territory. President Reagan responded with a promise to make GPS technology available for passenger aircrafts in order to prevent future tragedies. The first GPS satellite available for commercial use was launched in 1989. The launch was originally planned for 1986, but the devastating Challenger launch failure delayed the schedule.


Satellites and GPSThe modern GPS constellation was completed in 1994, and there are currently 32 orbiting satellites in our atmosphere in order to guarantee accuracy in the readings. The Russian government have also developed a similar navigation system, called GLONASS, which is currently in orbit. China is also developing a satellite navigation system, called Beidou. Galileo is another navigation system being developed by the European Union. It seems that Earth’s atmosphere is getting a bit crowded with satellites.


When GPS was first made available to civilians, there was a lot of paranoia that the technology would be used against the U.S.. In order to prevent this, the version of GPS that was made available to civilians was only accurate within 100 meters (109.4 yards). President Clinton changed this policy in 2000 so that civilian GPS devices are now accurate within 5 to 10 meters (5.5 to 10.9 yards). Since then, as the technology has become more versatile and affordable, we’ve seen GPS become part of every day life in the United States.


The technology was first majorly adopted by the public when GPS navigation systems started popping up on the market with turn-by-turn directions. With the Internet, people had gotten used to plugging in their starting point and destination and receiving detailed directions. These navigation devices took that to a new level by installing the map right into the vehicle. Then smartphone GPS capabilities put this technology in the hands of the masses.


GPS technology has been used for so much over the last 25 years. We use it to play games, exercise, explore, protect ourselves and our loved ones, and even save lives. What is your favorite function of GPS technology? Let us know in the comments!



GPS Celebrates 25 Years In Space

Monday, February 24, 2014

GPS Tracking Study Reveals Surprise About Eastern Golden Eagles

Most of the time, when we publish stories involving GPS tracking and wildlife, the stories tend to have a depressing angle. Most of the time this technology is used to help protect endangered species. These stories often involve dwindling wildlife populations, usually partly or wholly caused by human interference. We’ve written about destroyed habitats and majestic beasts being picked off by poachers for profit. Today’s wildlife tracking tale is much more upbeat. WIth the help of GPS technology and remote baited cameras, researchers have discovered that golden eagles are thriving in the eastern United States.


CC Image courtesy of jack_spellingbacon on Flickr

CC Image courtesy of jack_spellingbacon on Flickr


Prior to the study, it was believed that eastern golden eagles spent the winter north of the border, in Canada. The elusive birds were rarely seen in the U.S. during the winter, and any that were spotted, were assumed to be migrating north to Canada with the rest of the eastern golden eagle population. However, eight years of GPS tracking and three years of 250 motion-activated baited camera sites revealed that these eagles spend the winter months all across the eastern region of the U.S., as far west as Michigan and Indiana, stretching all the way down to Alabama. The cameras revealed that the majority of birds spend their winter in the western counties of VIrginia and in the eastern highlands of West Virginia.


“That’s still the area where the densest populations of eastern golden eagles are found in winter,” explained Todd Katzner, a WVU research assistant professor who coordinated the study with Appalachian Eagles and the Eastern Golden Eagle Working Group. “We started to see that the winter distribution is a lot bigger than we had thought… It’s amazing! They’re on the bait from Maine to Alabama and most of the states in between. They’re in Michigan, Indiana, Ohio and Tennessee. They’re everywhere!”


“There are some birding records in the east where golden eagle sightings have been recorded, but this is the first systematic look at their distribution and population,” said Katzner. “They’re showing up in greater numbers, and over a much larger range than expected.” Golden eagles tend to be elusive birds of prey, making them difficult to monitor with the the human eye, despite their massive wingspan, which can get up to seven feet. With tracking and camera technology, researchers have grasped a much better understanding of the eastern golden eagle population.


Another factor that makes eastern golden eagles, in particular, difficult to study, is that their numbers are thought to be much smaller than those in the western regions of the U.S. and Canada. It is estimated that there are around ten times as many golden eagles in the west than there are in the east. With the help of motion-censored cameras, baited with road-killed deer, researchers are getting a much better picture of the density of golden eagles in the east. “Golden eagles were seen at a majority of our sites,” Kieran O’Malley, a study participant and biologist with the state Division of National Resources. “I had one in my back yard,” Katzner said. “We photographed a golden eagle there this year.”


CC Image courtesy of qmnonic on Flickr

CC Image courtesy of qmnonic on Flickr


As if there weren’t enough obstacles to studying eastern golden eagles, these birds generally prefer solitude. They do also stay with the same mate for several years, and sometimes even a lifetime, but when out hunting or when not nesting, golden eagles are on their own. “Unlike bald eagles, goldens don’t get together in big groups,” O’Malley added. “They prefer to live in areas that are more remote than the places bald eagles live.”


“We’re looking at wintering populations and population density,” O’Malley explained. “We have really good numbers of golden eagles wintering in West Virginia. The highest density anywhere is in the highlands of West Virginia and western Virginia, since they prefer forested uplands away from a lot of human activity.” One factor attributed to the abundant golden eagle population in the mountains of West Virginia and Virginia, is the white-tail deer in the area. Over the last 40 years, the white-tail deer population has been swelling, providing plenty of winter-killed and road-killed meals for the eagles.


The research team has compared some of the DNA samples from the eastern golden eagles with the western population. It seems that there are not many differences between the two other than region. “Other than the fact that one group lives in the east and the other lives in the west, there doesn’t seem to be much difference between them,” Katnzer said. It is currently estimated that the eastern population is around 2,000 to 5,000 eagles. “We’ll be doing some computer modeling, but right now, I’m starting to think the population is on the high side of those estimates,” said Katnzer.


The cameras have captured a wide variety of wildlife in the area, spawning a secondary study of spotted skunks. “We started seeing spotted skunks, which have become very uncommon in the state, turning up in the photographs,” O’Malley added. “We’ve been able to add to their range… They’re a lot more widespread than we thought, but still not very abundant.” Other wildlife seen in the region include foxes, raccoons, blue jays, fishers, coyotes, titmice, ravens, crows, wood rats, owls and bobcats.



GPS Tracking Study Reveals Surprise About Eastern Golden Eagles

Thursday, February 20, 2014

Safety in the Wild

Hiking is a favorite pastime for millions of people. There’s something special about getting out and communing with nature either alone or with a group of friends. But for serious hikers who tackle dangerous areas or who plan to stay overnight in the woods, some extra safety precautions, such as a personal locator beacon equipped with GPS tracking, can quite literally mean the difference between life and death.


How Personal Locator Beacons Work


hiking-hikerA personal locator beacon sends out a powerful signal to rescue workers via an international distress radio frequency. In the United States, the frequency is monitored both by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center (AFRCC). These organizations use a network of satellites to identify your location once you have activated the distress beacon. If your personal locator beacon is equipped with GPS capabilities, it can send your location directly to rescuers, enabling them to find you faster.


Types of Personal Locator Beacons


There are several types of personal locator beacons available for people who anticipate spending time in remote areas:


  • GPS-Enabled PLB—A GPS-enabled PLB will send a distress signal over the radio distress frequency, but it will also transmit your GPS coordinates to rescue workers. Using the GPS data, search and rescue teams can narrow your location down to within 100 meters.

  • Non GPS-Enabled PLB—A non-GPS-enabled PLB sends the same distress signal, but rescuers must use a tracking device from their end to pinpoint the location of the transmission. With this technology, rescuers can narrow your location down to within 2 miles.

  • Satellite Messengers—Satellite messengers are GPS-enabled and allow you to send brief messages to family and friends, even if you’re not in trouble. You can let them know you’re okay and even send GPS coordinates to keep them up to date on your trip. The drawback is that satellite messengers require a monthly subscription fee and may not be as powerful as a PLB.

Experts in the field recommend purchasing a GPS-enabled PLB since a non-GPS-enabled device will require much longer for rescuers to determine your location. If you are hurt or lost in the woods on a cold night, that extra hour or two could be essential.


Registering Your Personal Locator Beacon


When you purchase a PLB, you will be required to register it with the NOAA. At that time, you will be given a unique identifying number. When activated, your PLB will transmit that number to satellites, giving rescue teams access to your name, address, phone number, emergency contacts, and medical conditions you may have.


GPS and hikingAlthough registering your PLB is a legal requirement, some owners fail to take that step. When a non-registered PLB gets activated, even by accident, rescuers have a much more difficult time following up on a distress call. In the worst case scenario, a non-registered PLB that has been activated by accident will pull responders away from an actual emergency to investigate the accidental alert. By contrast, when the PLB is registered, responders can call the emergency contact to find out whether the alert was accidental or not.


GPS Tracking On the Trail


In addition to personal locator beacons, there are several other GPS tracking devices that have been specifically developed to make activities like hiking, biking, and jogging safer. These devices include:










GPS Running WatchGPS Running Watches not only serve as a tracking device, but also keep track of heart rate, distance, and rate of speed.
Personal Safety DevicesThese tracking devices enable you to send an alert to a friend or family member if you need help.
GPS Bike MonitorsMap your trail, view live tracking data, monitor the weather, and utilize social sharing options all from one device.
Hand-held GPS devicesUsed for hiking, these devices not only serve as navigational tools, but also act as GPS tracking devices. They can pinpoint your location for friends and family if you get lost and they can also be used for fun activities like geocaching.

The key point to remember is that while getting out into nature by yourself can be wonderfully relaxing and enjoyable, it can also be dangerous. All it takes is a fall that results in a broken or sprained ankle, a wrong turn that causes you to lose your bearings, or an attack by a wild animal, and you could be stranded with no way to get a message to anyone, especially if you’re out of your cell phone’s coverage area. A GPS tracking device gives you and your family peace of mind while you’re out walking, jogging, biking, or hiking. For daytime excursions, a watch or handheld GPS tracking device can be a good choice, but for overnight trips or areas where you may be in danger, a personal locator beacon gives an added measure of safety in the event that things go wrong.



Safety in the Wild

Wednesday, February 19, 2014

Plowing the Way with GPS

The holiday cheer “Let it snow” has become true.The first weeks of 2014 saw heavy snowstorms that dropped several feet of snow in the Midwest. Even the South fell victim to the polar winter. The storm situations left messes that took days or weeks to clean. Of course, the biggest challenge is clearing snow and ice. How does all this snow get off the roads? As anyone who lives near snowy cities can tell you, the answer is the mighty plow trucks.


snowplowThe heavy work of snow removal takes time. Although a few feet of snow may have fallen overnight, it does not all disappear in a day. The task is so great for plows that the system needs help. Thanks to several GPS monitors, the plow drivers are beginning to get some help.


On the Way


The morning after a snowstorm, the first thought on people’s minds is how they are going to get to work. While some people can skip work or work from home, for people in important positions, it is critical to find a safe route. Where is the plow, and how long will it take to clear the road to your house?


The guessing game has become easier now, with the help of GPS. Several cities, including Boston and New York, have started to install GPS on snow plows in order to give citizens a way to follow the plow as it clears the roads. As the plow goes along the route, the GPS broadcasts the location to city computers, which then show its location using color-coded maps. The maps show the status of the roads, including those that are clear, those that are being plowed, and those that are still snow-covered. A list of cleared roads could allow a driver to determine whether to take the interstate, use an alternate route, or take public transportation.


Plow tracking with GPS has proven popular throughout the country. In New York thousands of people follow the plow routes online. Other cities also provide downloadable apps that allow commuters to view road conditions in the area on their mobile device.


Along the Way


Snow plow operators and their supervisors depend upon GPS along the entire route. As the systems start up they monitor crucial aspects of the plow’s journey:


  • Location. Showing where a vehicle is serves as the basic function for all GPS units. Real-time tracking of snow plows is important. Winter weather can change in an instant, and the plow operators need to know what is coming their way. The location of a plow is also important to the overall clearing process. Plows are sent out in shifts, and each plow needs to be at a certain location at a certain time so that the workload is spread out and staggered. GPS allows plow drivers to meet up at exactly the right position. Instead of relying upon external reporting or traveling to the base, supervisors track plows in real time.

GPS Snow RemovalAnother advantage of GPS is the ability to monitor the speed of a plow as it proceeds down the road. Knowing the speed allows controllers to estimate the approximate time a plow could arrive at a destination. The controllers can also notify plow drivers of accidents or trees or debris blocking the roads.


  • Breakdowns. Plows perform hard work that can be hard on their mechanics. Some GPS units can indicate basic maintenance problems such as under-inflated tires and low oil levels. But mechanical failures still stop plows, just like any other vehicle. If a plow breaks down supervisors can know exactly where to find and fix the plow.

  • Plow Functions. Some snowplow GPS installations can also show the actual movements of a plow  blade as it moves up and down. The recorded rate of movement can indicate the weight and depth of the snow or ice. This data can be used to estimate the amount of time it could take to plow an area. If the snow height or weight is too great, reinforcement drivers could be sent for assistance.

Planning the Way 


Many states and counties employ snowplow GPS in order to conserve both money and energy by creating more efficient plowing routes that clear snow faster and minimize traffic delays.


GPS tracking of plows allows county and city supervisors to see broad traffic patterns. If a plow has to stay idled at routes with traffic lights or downed trees or wires, the public works department can design new routes. If several accidents occur in the same spot, then route planners could prioritize the area that should be cleared first. Plow GPS data could also show the most frequent commuter routes to the downtown area. By observing the flow of traffic along the side roads, controllers can set up detours and redirect plows to the most needed areas. Cities can also save money by recalculating the necessary amount of salt or sand needed to clear each route.


Clearing the Way 


GPS for snowplows benefits commuters and plow drivers and their supervisors. Real-time tracking shows everyone what the plow has accomplished and where it is heading. With the information citizens can prepare their trips, and controllers can monitor the plowing and cleaning progress. The data collected by the GPS can also help supervisors plan new routes that make travel even faster.


So next times the plow comes scraping down the street, you can thank GPS for clearing the way.



Plowing the Way with GPS

Tuesday, February 18, 2014

Not Everyone Understands GPS

Stating that GPS is a highly complex system that boggles the minds of most people is an understatement. Multiple satellites hurtling around the earth, signals constantly shooting back and forth into space, and calculation adjustments because of Einstein’s theory of relativity are enough to make us throw up our hands and give up. We are happy to simply push a few buttons, look at the map that magically appears, and follow a colorful arrow to our destination. We’ll leave the details to the scientists and trust them to keep the whole system working.


question-marksIt appears, however, that some people have a hard time fully understanding even the surface operation of GPS devices. In Colorado, a man on parole inexplicably ignored the presence of his GPS anklet and went on a crime spree, leaving a trail of condemning tracking data behind him.


Missing the Point of His Anklet


It’s unclear whether the parolee even knew what his court-appointed GPS anklet was intended to do. After he was convicted of trying to steal—of all things—a GPS navigator, a judge ordered him to wear the anklet so that police could keep tabs on him. Given his subsequent actions, it is hard to believe that the man understood that the anklet was constantly providing data. Perhaps he thought police simply “checked in” every once in a while, and as long as he got back home by a certain time no one would know where he had gone?


In any case, police began receiving calls one evening as the man broke into an unbelievable fifteen houses. He may as well have left a confession note at each location, because his anklet’s GPS data clearly placed him at the crime scene in every case. It didn’t take long to track him down, place him under arrest, and begin the process of what will certainly be a quick criminal trial.


The Danger of Ignoring GPS


It is quickly becoming more dangerous for criminals, dishonest employees, unfaithful spouses, and other less-than-up-front people to disregard the power of GPS. In some cases, people technically are aware they are being tracked, but it slips their minds and they revert to old habits. The odd case of the burglar in Colorado may have been an extreme case of this forgetfulness. But in many cases, GPS is becoming so prevalent that people should assume that what they are doing is going to show up on someone’s computer monitor with a flashing red dot. Here are a few practices that are becoming very common:


  • Banks slipping tiny GPS trackers into stacks of cash for thieves

  • Parents installing trackers in the trunks of rebellious teens’ cars

  • Suspicious wives tracking husbands using the family car

  • Cargo transporters spreading trackers randomly throughout valuable freight loads

  • Hiding trackers on ATVs, bicycles, and other expensive equipment that may be stored outdoors

Police would be thrilled to see GPS tracking provide benefits far beyond its actual ability to detect criminals’ actions. The deterrent factor will be extremely valuable if potential thieves know that there is a good chance they are about to steal a hidden tracker. This effect is already visible on some college campuses, where authorities have publicized a “bait bike” program. Simply by stating that they have fitted a few bikes with GPS trackers, officials have been able to practically end bike theft on their campuses. The threat of being caught red-handed with a stolen bike is enough to make most thieves abandon their plans.


Adjusting to a World with GPS


Just like the rest of us, criminals will make adjustments to their daily life to include GPS. Right now, the tide appears to be in favor of preventing crime, but that could change. As with any technology, there are pros and cons to be considered:












ProsCons
Small GPS devices are becoming less expensive and easier to plant on potentially stolen itemsThieves could identify the location of targets by hacking GPS tracking data
The simple possibility of GPS tracking deters thievesIf able to falsify GPS data, criminals could lead police astray during a chase
GPS anklets free up police resources when monitoring paroleesReliance on GPS creates a target for terrorists who would like to jam signals
Victims of crimes can be located quickly and rescued using cell phone GPS dataStalkers and sexual predators can spy on victims by secretly placing trackers on vehicles

Not all criminals will treat GPS with the laughable disregard of the house burglar in Colorado. While that case ended quickly thanks to GPS, it may not be long before we see criminals use the technology to their own advantage instead. Experts will certainly be kept busy coming up with new ways to prevent crime in a world increasingly dependent on GPS tracking.



Not Everyone Understands GPS

Monday, February 17, 2014

Leaving a Trail of Bread Crumbs

Bank robbers are unknowingly making things too easy for police these days. At least it is easy for police when crafty bank tellers slip a little something extra into the bag of loot. The end of December saw another great example of a bank teller thinking quickly and placing a GPS tracking device into money that was being stolen. The men suspected of robbing the bank did not even make it to their destination before they were tracked down by police, identified by the bank teller, and arrested. The two suspects, Jonathan Watson and Earl Lee Alexander, were being held on charges of first degree robbery and one was also charged with possession of methamphetamine thanks to the quick thinking teller.


GPS Laptop TheftThe Case in Lacey


This recent example occurred in the town of Lacey, Washington. The bank teller was approached by a man who implied that he had a gun. About $4,300 was taken, but the fast thinking teller was able to place a GPS tracking device into the bag before the robber left with the money. Police were able to track down the suspect in a Dodge pickup truck, where two men, both in their fifties, were detained by police. The teller was escorted to the scene of the arrest to positively identify one suspect from the crime, and the other suspect offered information about the crime, stating that he did not want to go through with it because he thought they would get caught. It would appear to be a very open and shut case for the prosecution, thanks to the GPS tracking device and the skillful use of it by the teller. Here are some similar recent examples of theft crimes solved using GPS data:






















DateLocationGPS Tracker LocationOutcome
October 2013DetroitTracker placed in bottle of oxycontinFour suspects arrested after pharmacy was robbed
November, 2014DelawareTracker located in cell phoneA student was robbed, but police later found suspect thanks to GPS tracking unit in phone
January 2014PhiladelphiaTracker placed in prescription bottlesTwo suspects arrested within 30 minutes of break-in
January, 2014PhoenixTracker located on a drillSuspects were tracked after shoplifting a drill and escaping with the use of a gun

Not Limited to Finding Money


Theft Recovery with GPS Tracking


The recent example in Lacey created a situation where money was recovered, but this GPS tracking technology is not just being used to find stolen money. This is similar technology to what is being used in cell phones today, that can also help victims retrieve their belongings quickly. It has also been used in prescription drug caps, as many pharmacies are being robbed and prescriptions are being stolen from mailboxes and homes. It is helpful that these devices are not very large and can be easily concealed in places as small as pill bottles. More and more stores are also using this kind of technology. For a small outlay of cost, a business can be certain that they will not permanently lose certain things of value due to theft. It also allows for employees to act with less fear of bodily harm, since they don’t have to be the “hero” and can just hand over whatever is being requested.


Pushers, Pullers, and Loggers


The kind of GPS tracking device used to “bug” the money bag was most likely either a GPS pusher or a GPS puller tracking system, and not likely to be a logger. A GPS logging system is what you would think of if you ever take a picture and have your image store your geolocation by accessing the GPS positioning of your camera. This kind of technology would only be helpful if the thief begins to use the device to take pictures or otherwise directly access the GPS data. A GPS tracking device that “pushes” information can do so at a variety of settings, which might be anything from every 5-10 minutes to whenever there is a change of course in the item being tracked. This is most likely what was used in the Lacey case. Another kind of GPS tracking is referred to as a “puller,” which pulls location information at regular intervals and can also have information requested from it. This kind of GPS tracking device is not in common use today.


Just Like Following Bread Crumbs


Whatever kind of GPS tracking device is used, it becomes very easy for authorities to find and retrieve whatever was stolen. Often, these devices are small and unnoticeable unless you are looking for them specifically. There is hardly a simpler way to do police work when the devices can help anybody find anything. Once you have the device back in hand, you have the suspects and have retrieved what was stolen. It really is as simple as following a trail of bread crumbs!



Leaving a Trail of Bread Crumbs

Sunday, February 16, 2014

GPS Tracking Promotes Military Efficiency

Last month, South Korea announced their plans for two United States companies to build GPS-guided air-to-ground bombs. Boeing will be producing the wings for the bombs and Kaman Aerospace Corporation will be making the explosives and detonators. South Korea hopes that the smart bombs will enable precision attacks both during the day and at night against North Korean targets. Numerous other countries have incorporated GPS tracking into their military operations, with plans for even more applications in the future.


CC Image courtesy of Camera on autopilot on Flickr

CC Image courtesy of Camera on autopilot on Flickr


GPS Tracking and the U.S. Military


Most people will encounter some sort of GPS tracking-enabled device every day, whether it’s a cell phone, computer, car, or GPS watch. Many don’t realize, however, that the GPS tracking was not originally intended for commercial use. Instead, it was designed by the military to aid various operations with its precise location and navigation capabilities. Some of the ways GPS tracking is currently used by the U.S. military include:


  • Ground troops—Ground soldiers carry GPS tracking devices to help commanders monitor their movements in a combat situation.

  • Vehicle and aircraft tracking—Most of the vehicles used in combat are equipped with tracking devices in order to keep better tabs on their whereabouts in a war zone.

  • Naval warships—Ships also carry GPS tracking devices so commanders and generals can keep track of the various ships in the water during combat and transit.

  • Military intelligence—GPS tracking allows military intelligence to make better tactical decisions based on real time information.

  • Precision bombing—GPS-guided bombs can target specific locations even at night, making air strikes more efficient and better-controlled.

How Other Countries Have Used GPS Tracking


The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) nations all use GPS tracking devices in their military operations. They use them to track vehicles, ships, and aircraft as well as to deliver critical intelligence information. In addition, the Israeli Army has considered embedding the units into their soldiers’ uniforms. The units would not only provide real-time location information, but would also help protect soldiers from friendly fire.


Making GPS Technology Even Better


Both military and commercial receivers rely on the signals transmitted by 24 GPS satellites every day. However, the current satellite signal strength is sometimes too weak and can be overpowered by interference. In order to develop a more reliable system, the Department of Defense plans to launch 40 more satellites with stronger signal capabilities beginning in 2014. The satellites will be launched in three phases:








Phase One8 GPS IIIA satellites will be launched beginning in 2014. Their signals will be three times stronger than those of the current GPS satellites.
Phase Two16 GPS IIIB satellites with signals five times stronger than the current satellites will be launched.
Phase Three8 GPS IIIC satellites will be launched. Their signals will be the same strength as the IIIB satellites; however, they will be equipped with a spotbeam that can focus the signals over a 600-mile radius, increasing their strength to 100 times the strength of the current satellites. The DoD will most likely need to purchase 8 additional satellites after the initial 8 in order to use the full capabilities of IIIC.

SatelliteFor military operations, this means that signals will be able to withstand jamming attempts much more easily. It also means that receivers will be able to determine a position accurately within three feet following the launch of GPS IIIA and to within 6 inches following the implementation of GPS IIIC. Currently, satellite signals can produce accurate results within 10 feet.


Will Civilians Benefit as Well?


The first question many civilians may be asking is “Will my cell phone GPS tracking device be stronger and more accurate now?” It’s a legitimate question, since civilian applications use the same satellites that the military uses. The short answer is both yes and no.


The Department of Defense anticipates that both military and civilian receivers will benefit from the increased accuracy of the new GPS satellites. Civilians will not benefit from the increased signal strength or interference capabilities, but most civilians won’t be facing interference problems in their day-to-day functioning. GPS tracking for civilians has been a superb benefit of one of the military’s most innovative applications.


What the New Technology Means for South Korea


Applications like the GPS-guided bombs South Korea plans to build will benefit greatly from the new satellite system. In combat situations, stronger signals within the spotbeam of the IIIC satellites mean that a 10-watt jamming device would need to be within a two-mile vicinity rather than the current 55-mile vicinity. In addition, the more precise location determinations will help designate targets more accurately, reducing the possibility of error. Clearly, the new satellites will create greater accuracy and capability for military GPS tracking applications.


Although the full implementation of GPS III won’t be completed until 2030, the Department of Defense expects the benefits to be well worth the wait. It will be interesting to see what new innovations will be possible with the increased location accuracy and stronger signals made possible with GPS III.



GPS Tracking Promotes Military Efficiency

Friday, February 14, 2014

GPS Taking the Guess Work out of Earthquakes

How many times have we heard a weather forecast that turned out to be wrong? Having a picnic today and expecting it to be bright and sunny? Oh, too bad, here comes the rain. Forecasting is still a tricky and inexact science that is often incorrect, but having something that seems to be wrong as often as it is right is better than having something that doesn’t work at all, right?


earthquake-in-pakistan-829982-mResearchers have been working in Costa Rica and other locations to try to develop and implement a system that monitors and forecasts earthquakes for some time now. When a 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit below the Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica on September 5, 2012, geoscientists using GPS tracking were proven to be able to accurately forecast the location and size of a future earthquake. This is a breakthrough that can lead to using GPS technology to help people prepare for future quakes, and hopefully limit damage.


The Nicoya Peninsula Quake


Months before the September quake in Costa Rica, scientists published a prediction in June that an earthquake of this magnitude would occur along the subduction, just about where it actually occurred. Scientists were able to use GPS technology to map out how the plates have been moving over the years, little by little. There were two locations where edges of the plates had locked and appeared to be ripe for a new earthquake. With the forecast, the scientists had accurately been able to predict the location and size of the earthquake, but were still unable to know exactly when it would happen. Other scientists had predicted a similar sized temblor in the area, but thought it would occur before 2009. Similar magnitude earthquakes had struck the area in 1853, 1900, and 1950. Presently, the fault line area is continuing with what is called aseismic slip, or movement of the plates that does not create an earthquake.


Fortunately for the people living near the Nicoya Peninsula, which include a large number of expensive tourist destinations, the Costa Rican government maintains a high standard for building earthquake safe buildings. Despite the earthquake being a 7.8 magnitude temblor, there was minimal damage to the area after the quake. There were no reports of death, and only damage to structures, including the loss of a bridge.


Studying Earthquakes in Nicoya


Many of the world’s earthquakes occur under the middle of the ocean on the floor under thousands of feet of water. What helped make the area near Nicoya different is that the fault lines were closer to the surface. Thanks to erosion at sea level, the fault lines allowed researchers to find the exact location where the plates were sticking. This location in Costa Rica can be a new laboratory for research in determining how to best use GPS to track plate movement. Research can occur in relative safety near land, instead of out in the middle of an ocean.
















Earthquake Terminology 
Aseismic slipMovement of plates that does not create an earthquake
Locked Fault LineLocation where plates are stuck along the fault, resulting in stored energy that later becomes the force of an earthquake
Subduction ZoneThe location where two plates meet, with one plate diving under the other plate; this is the location where many earthquakes occur and volcanos are usually formed inland from them
SubsidenceLocation where subduction zone sinks down
TemblorAnother name for an earthquake
UpliftLocation where subduction zone rises up

dirt-crevice-2-1021431-mEarthquakes, GPS, and the Future


The scientists involved with this study believe that GPS technology can help accurately forecast future earthquakes. There are costs involved that might make widespread use of this practice prohibitive, but the theory should work on any subduction zone. There would be the ongoing need to monitor movement of the plates, but once a locked fault line was discovered, the GPS technology used to study and monitor the movement of the plates would make it easy to determine the location and magnitude of any future temblors. It will be important for future sites to have scientists locate the areas of subsidence and uplift around the subduction zone, as these locations will have more potential for stored energy.


Earthquakes have always been a dangerous and unpredictable natural occurrence and consequence of how our planet is designed. The current research into these natural disasters seems to allow us to know better with the use of GPS technology where these disasters might hit. The process is not designed to let us know exactly when they might hit, but as communities make plans for their buildings, it can help them to know what is possible. It can be important to help them know how much they should prepare for, whenever the inevitable occurs. The process doesn’t totally remove the guesswork, but does create a handy system that is better than just blindly guessing.



GPS Taking the Guess Work out of Earthquakes

Thursday, February 13, 2014

GPS Is on a Rocky Road with Cab Drivers

Employees in many industries get very nervous when new technology shows up. Factory workers worry about machines taking over their jobs; data processors fear that their numbers will shrink in favor of automated systems; and phone operators contend against efficient, though lifeless, answering services. GPS has met with a similarly icy reception at the workplace, as employees are wary of their managers gaining the ability to scrutinize their every move. Perhaps nowhere is this resistance more pronounced than in the taxicab industry.


GPS taxi appsWhat’s the Problem?


You might think that taxi cab drivers would welcome the addition of GPS trackers to the other equipment in their vehicles. Here are some of the benefits that GPS provides for drivers:


  • Shortened emergency response time in the event of a breakdown

  • A way to counter claims by passengers of unsafe driving or circuitous routes

  • More efficient managing of fleets, resulting in more business for cab drivers

  • Quick recovery of stolen cabs by police

Despite these advantages, many cab drivers don’t want the technology added to their cars—some so vehemently that they are willing to take the issue to court. Drivers are concerned that:


  • Tracking will result in needless questioning if a driver takes a detour to avoid traffic or an accident, leading to a longer overall trip

  • Constant monitoring of a cab is a violation of privacy rights

  • In general, tracking will restrict the freedom of drivers to make route decisions without scrutiny by customers and officials

Court Decisions


Courts that have decided taxicab GPS cases have issued rather contradictory decisions. In a recent prominent case, a driver had his license taken away by the city of New York after GPS data showed that he overcharged customers for trips. The accusations led to a back-and-forth series of convictions and reversals, centered around the question of whether the city could legally monitor the driver’s actions without a search warrant.


The current court decision upholds the right of the city to track taxi cabs, stating that the concerns about overcharging are reasonable and validate the use of GPS. Whether courts in other states will agree remains to be seen, and the confusion that is already visible suggests that a federal court decision is on the horizon. Cab drivers in Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and other large cities are also opposed to tracking by city and commission authorities.


Taking Things Into Their Own Hands


Some disgruntled cab drivers have been caught using illegal GPS “jammers” to obscure the signal transmitted by their vehicle’s device. In Melbourne, Australia, one driver pled guilty and authorities stated that they suspected many more were falsifying their GPS location data in order to secretly make extra money on the roads. These jammers are fairly easy to find and purchase, and they affect far more than just the transmitter inside the cab—they can disrupt the signals of surrounding navigation devices, emergency response units, and even air traffic control systems.


taxiKeeping Fleets Safe and Accountable


While GPS tracking draws definite lines between the interests of managers and employees, it is highly likely to stay as an important part of any efficient fleet’s operation. In general, courts seem inclined to grant employers wide permissions to monitor their equipment and employees as long as they are on the job. Employers can protect themselves from litigation by ensuring that tracking ends with business hours, and that they fully inform all employees about tracking policies in use.


Here is just a sampling of the wealth of benefits that a system like a taxi, city bus, or trash collection fleet gains with GPS:












Vehicle Theft Prevention/RecoveryAn activated tracker leads police directly to a stolen vehicle before it can be scrapped for parts
Employee AccountabilityManagers know when an employee fails to follow a prescribed route, extends a paying passenger’s ride, or drives recklessly
Passenger SafetyA hijacking or mechanical failure can be instantly detected with a deviation from route
EfficiencyReassigning individual vehicles based on proximity and availability saves time and fuel
Legal ProtectionCompanies can back up their fleet’s activity against claims by customers of irregular driving.

Cab drivers may not like knowing that a commissioner or manager is watching their movement on a computer monitor somewhere, but they will probably have to get used to the idea, judging from the majority of court decisions. Employers, on the other hand, will have to take great care not to exceed the legal limitations of this powerful tool. Tracking an employee on his lunch break, failing to inform employees when they are being tracked, or allowing tracking data to fall into the hands of a third party can lead to criminal penalties and very high fines. As when learning how to use any piece of new technology, all parties involved must exercise caution and consideration for one another.



GPS Is on a Rocky Road with Cab Drivers

Wednesday, February 12, 2014

Global Positioning Systems Vulnerable to Solar Super Storms?

Some experts are predicting that there is at least a 1 out of 10 chance that a solar super storm will hit Earth in the next decade. Effects of it could include widespread worldwide electric blackouts, as well as the failure of GPS technologies.


Solar Energy and GPSHowever, both Britain and the United States are putting together early warning systems that may enable companies to prepare for such storms and protect their electronic equipment—including GPS technologies—from them.


Solar Super Storms: Definitions


So, what exactly is a “solar super storm”? How rare are they? Do they really hit our planet? And, if so, what dangers do they present?


Although the term “solar super storm” sounds frightening, and although such storms can have serious implications here on Earth, they don’t directly cause loss of life. In order to best understand solar super storms, we first need to understand what solar flares and coronal mass ejections are.


Solar flares occur when the sun releases an intense amount of energy in a short period of time. Huge clouds of atoms, ions, and electrons spew into space. Solar flares release UV radiation and X-rays, and these can disrupt radio transmissions and GPS technologies on Earth. If the flare is on Earth’s side of the sun, the ejected materials can reach Earth in a few hours (approximately one or two days) after the event. Solar flares are actually quite common, occurring as often as several times a day or as infrequently as only a few times per week. So, they are not the main concern regarding technological disruption; super solar storms are the main concern.


Often a solar flare is followed by a coronal mass ejection (CME), but not always. However, a CME is not the same thing as a solar flare.


A coronal mass ejection occurs when the sun produces an intense burst of solar wind (charged particles coming from the sun’s upper atmosphere) and magnetic fields—magnetic fields that can play havoc with Earth’s electronic technologies. When the shock wave from these ejections hits Earth, it causes a geomagnetic storm, which can disrupt our planet’s magnetosphere. If an especially large CME erupts from the sun on the same side as the Earth, GPS technologies, radio frequencies, and other electronic transmissions can be severely affected.


History: The Carrington Event and 1989’s Geomagnetic Storms


Back in 1859, two amateur astronomers working in England, Richard Carrington and Richard Hodgson, were the first to observe and document a solar flare. This flare resulted in a huge CME reaching Earth less than 18 hours later. What were the results?


SatelliteOne was that the aurora borealis (a.k.a. “northern lights”) became especially active and visible worldwide, even as far south as the Caribbean; Queensland, Australia; and Hawaii. Of a more serious nature, however, was the resulting disruption to telegraphic communications—some operators received electric shocks, equipment threw off sparks, and communication was disrupted.


Another solar storm event that made the history books was the March 1989 geomagnetic storm, which caused a nine-hour power outage across Quebec, Canada. Later that same year a solar storm forced the closing of the Tokyo stock exchange.


Should a similar event occur nowadays, experts warn that power grids around the world could be disrupted and communication systems—including GPS technologies—could be out of commission for weeks or months. In 2013 researchers determined that such an event could end up costing the world economy over $2.5 trillion.


What Can We Do?


In December 2013, Britain announced that the country would open its first “space-weather centre” that would be able to predict the coming of solar super storms. They hoped to have it functional by the first quarter of 2014, although it may take until 2016 to have the center fully up and running. The total projected cost is over £4.5 million.


British leadership recognizes that the areas that are most vulnerable to such storms are satellite based systems (such as GPS technologies) as well as electrical systems and the loss of electric power as a result of transformers overloading.


Of course, no system yet devised can combat these storms. However, giving businesses and government entities even a few hours of warning can allow them to prepare and can, hopefully, protect worldwide infrastructures from maximum damage.


Coincidentally, shortly after Britain announced their intentions to develop such a system in late 2013, solar flare activity increased. A “powerful solar flare” erupted on Tuesday, January 7, 2014, disrupting radio traffic and causing the delay of the launch of a private cargo ship that had planned a rendezvous with the International Space Station. However, it posed no risk to the space station’s crew members.



Global Positioning Systems Vulnerable to Solar Super Storms?

Tuesday, February 11, 2014

Ford Marketer's Comments Stir Up GPS Debate

Recent events in the U.S., most notably including the revelations of certain NSA monitoring practices, have many citizens looking over their shoulders a little more often. We are becoming increasingly aware that reliance on technology makes our personal information vulnerable to more individuals and companies than we realized. GPS tracking is solidly at the center of this national debate, as it involves the most immediate kind of personal information: where a person is actually located at any given moment. Recent comments and clarifications made by a Ford marketing director have highlighted both concerns and benefits that GPS carries with it.


Scales of JusticeClumsy Wording


Unfortunately, the marketing director’s remarks, made in a public forum, were made in such a way that they made the Ford Motor Company sound like the dreaded “Big Brother.” He claimed, without much by way of explanation, that Ford knew who was breaking traffic laws and where they were doing it. The basis for this claim was the GPS unit installed on new Ford vehicles, which can transmit information back to the company. Clearly, this does not tell the whole story of Ford’s practice, which would be very far-reaching and almost certainly illegal. An explanation was definitely in order, and Ford lost no time crafting one.


For one thing, the director himself practically retracted the entire statement on subsequent news interviews, stating that Ford does not, in fact, monitor buyers of its vehicles. This confusing contradiction probably does little to satisfy worried Ford owners, but fortunately the company issued a number of clarifications on just what it does with GPS tracking data.


Ford’s GPS Practices


The policies of Ford on using customers’ GPS data are consistent with those of nearly all companies that offer location-based products. Here are the key points:


  • Ford only collects information from customers with their permission (when a customer requests navigation services or emergency roadside help, for example).

  • Ford does collect “anonymous” GPS data—that is, information with the specific customers’ identification removed from it—for the purposes of traffic pattern study.

  • Ford does not pass on GPS data to third parties for advertisement or law enforcement purposes.

A recent study conducted by a government agency did note that Ford’s policy is deficient in one major area: it does not give customers the opportunity to ask that their GPS tracking data be eliminated after it is used with their permission. In other words, when asking for emergency help with a flat tire, a customer should be able to get that location data deleted once the problem is resolved.


GPS SpyingConcerns vs. Benefits


Privacy concerns are never to be taken lightly, especially in a time when identity theft and corporate scams are so prevalent. On the other hand, the benefits of GPS tracking by companies are significant. Here are just a few pros and cons of having your vehicle monitored by a company like Ford:












ProsCons
Quickly get roadside assistance even in a remote areaIf the company’s GPS data were hacked, your location information could fall into the hands of criminals
Track and recover a stolen vehicle before it is destroyed for partsA flood of unwanted location-specific advertisements if your data were sold to third parties
Navigation conveniencePossible use of GPS data against you if subpoenaed in a criminal trial
Traffic reduction and highway improvements as anonymous GPS data aids in road planning 

While there are legitimate concerns about loss of privacy due to GPS tracking, many people are simply uncomfortable with the idea of knowing that a person or company might be following their movements. Given the fact that many people are already using smartphones, tablets, and company vehicles fitted with GPS trackers, this discomfort will probably disappear within a generation or so.


Know Your GPS Devices


While you may bristle at the clumsy comments made by Ford’s marketing director, it is quite possible that you yourself are not doing all you can to protect your own privacy. Taking certain steps on your own may be enough to satisfy your privacy concerns, while still allowing you to make the most of the convenience, safety, and enjoyment that GPS devices offer.


Most experts advise that you closely monitor when and how your smartphone’s GPS unit operates. You have the ability to disable it, but it may be set to monitor your location unless you specifically tell it not to. If children or teens are using a phone, it is strongly recommended that GPS tracking be disabled as a default.


Check your contract carefully when purchasing a car or starting a new job. Ask specifically about GPS tracking and find out whether you can opt out of tracking programs. If you have further questions, a lawyer may be your best resource for finding out what your legal options are.


With attention to these and other basic privacy matters, you can enjoy the great benefits of GPS without worrying about how your information is being used.



Ford Marketer's Comments Stir Up GPS Debate

Monday, February 10, 2014

Busting Poachers With Their Own GPS

The “law of unintended consequences” is one that experienced professionals in all fields have learned to respect. It is very simple but very easily ignored by beginners, leading to inconvenience (at best) or disaster (at worst). Perhaps nowhere is the law of unintended consequences better illustrated than in the sea between India and the island nation of Sri Lanka. There, fishermen using GPS navigation to find the best catch have found themselves convicted of trespassing by their own devices’ data.


India GPSTurf Arguments at Sea


Disagreement over national borders on the oceans is extremely complex. There are no landmarks like rivers or roads to denote borders, and outlining borders with stationary markers is much more difficult than on land. Almost any two nations separated by a narrow section of ocean will experience frequent squabbles as fishermen and military watercraft accidentally or intentionally cross the borders. Unfortunately, even when trespassers are caught in clear violation of international borders, it is hard to prove that they were there intentionally and not by accident.


GPS locating technology, which is just as effective on water as it is on land, is the most likely solution to this problem. A mariner today can look at a handheld device, view his current location on a map, and see exactly where he is in relation to forbidden waters. For those who desire to remain on their side of the invisible fence, this technology keeps them safe. But for those who sneak across the border on purpose, the law of unintended consequences kicks in with a vengeance.


Indian Fish Poachers


The channel between the tip of India and the island of Sri Lanka is rich with fish, and fishermen from both countries would like to make the most of the bounty. Border-crossing is common, and tempers flare on a regular basis. Matters are made worse by the fact that Sri Lanka only recently emerged from a long civil war, which prevented officials from patrolling its waters. Many Indian fishermen got used to fishing in Sri Lankan waters without consequence, and are reluctant to stop now.


This year alone, the country of Sri Lanka confiscated over 100 Indian fishing boats that were caught operating on the Sri Lankan side of the border, and arrested 600 fishermen.  But last month, Sri Lankan officials received a benefit that they have not often enjoyed when accusing Indian fishers of poaching in Sri Lankan waters: proof that six fishing boats intentionally trespassed in order to fish outside Indian territory.


The proof was in the form of GPS navigation data recovered from the six captured boats. The technology clearly shows that the fishermen set a course for regions owned by Sri Lanka and followed that course. The findings leave no excuse for the fishermen’s actions, and conviction of crossing the border intentionally is virtually guaranteed.


GPS Criminal TrackingOther Unintended Consequences for Criminals


GPS devices are tripping up criminals all over the world, in multiple ways. Law enforcement officers are finding that if they can only get a tracker close to a criminal, a huge portion of their job is already done. Here are some examples of how GPS acts as a police officer’s best friend:












TheftDevices hidden ahead of time on stolen items lead police to the thief and, often, additional stolen items
Prosecution of criminals in courtGPS data from car navigators can place defendants near a crime scene
Parole violationA GPS anklet instantly alerts parole officer when a parolee crosses an off-limits border
Organized crimeGPS navigation data recovered from gang or mob owned vehicles can lead police to other members
Drug tradeGPS trackers carried by informants or suspects can lead police to drug buyers and suppliers

Of course, GPS has had its unintended consequences for law-abiding citizens as well. Stalkers and predatory criminals, for instance, have been caught using GPS trackers to keep an eye on potential victims, even monitoring their activity long-term from the confines of their own homes.


Anyone who uses GPS should be aware of all its effects, not just the ones that are immediately apparent. Uploading your location to social media sites leaves you vulnerable to any criminals who might view that information. Simply using the GPS function on your smartphone gives information to your service provider and partnering advertisers. Being aware of these facts is not paranoia; it simply helps you use a new and powerful tool in the safest way possible.


GPS Defines Borders and Locates Criminals


In the age of GPS, questionable borders at sea will quickly become an excuse of the past for fishermen and navy craft that are caught in off-limits areas. This is a benefit for all involved, as less time will be wasted patrolling borders, arguing over the exact location of borders, and trying to prove that trespassers were acting intentionally. And trespassing fishermen who are apprehended with GPS navigation devices on board will continue to experience the pain inflicted by the “law of unintended consequences.”



Busting Poachers With Their Own GPS

Sunday, February 9, 2014

Do Parents Have the Right to Track Their Children?

Famous sisters Ashley and Wynonna Judd were in the news again recently, this time in a scuffle over a GPS tracking device found on Ashley’s car. The device was found by a mechanic, and Ashley told reporters that she believes the device was placed there by Wynonna in an effort to track her daughter, who was driving the car at the time. Although it’s unlikely that charges will be filed, police were still called in to investigate. They have so far been unable to positively identify who placed the GPS tracking unit on the car. It’s unclear how the case will end, but the lessons for the rest of America are clear: make sure you know the laws about GPS tracking.


teen trackingWhy Place a GPS Tracking Device on a Car?


There are several reasons for monitoring your car with a GPS tracking device. The most common reason is to protect your vehicle in the event of a theft. Police officers can quickly track down a car using the unit, making the odds of recovery much greater. A second reason some people opt to equip their cars with one of the little devices is to keep an eye on family members or loved ones. If you do it for safety and with the knowledge of the car’s owner, that can be a great thing. If you’re spying on someone else’s vehicle without his or her permission, you may be in trouble.


What the Law Says About GPS Tracking


Tracking a person’s vehicle without his or her knowledge is, in most cases, a violation of privacy. There are several instances in which the law might step in with regard to placing a tracking unit on a car:


  • Law enforcement departments—Most states now require a warrant for a police officer to place a tracking device on a car.

  • Private citizens tracking other private citizens—In some states, placing a tracking device on another person’s vehicle is considered a Class C misdemeanor and can result in charges being filed.

There is also currently a federal law being discussed that would regulate real-time tracking as well as gathering data from a GPS unit about a person’s past movements. The law discusses:








Cell phone trackingCell phone companies would need the permission of a phone’s owner before sharing location information with another party
Surreptitious trackingFor instance, a boyfriend could not track the movements of his girlfriend without her knowledge
Warrantless trackingPolice would be required to obtain a warrant before gathering location data of any kind from a GPS tracking device

Teen Drivers & GPS


What That Means For Private Citizens


Did Wynonna Judd place a tracking device on her sister’s car in order to track the movements of her daughter? That’s for the courts to decide—and for the family to work out among themselves. Most of us won’t make the news if we find ourselves in a similar situation, but as a parent, you may have considered taking similar action to keep an eye on your son or daughter. The laws governing GPS tracking devices mean that you should find out what is and isn’t permissible in your state before you begin tracking your child. For instance, it may be fine to place a tracking device on your child’s car if you co-signed for it or the title is in your name. However, it may not be acceptable to place a tracking device on a vehicle belonging to your child’s friend.


Many parents who decide to track their teens do so for safety reasons. Some also take the further step of discussing their concerns with their driving-age teenagers and bringing them on board with the decision. In these situations, it’s more likely that the teen will feel better about being tracked than if a parent chooses to track without the teen’s knowledge.


Being Wise With GPS Tracking


Placing a GPS tracking device on another person’s car without his or her knowledge can send the wrong message, even if your intentions are good. In the case of the Judds, one poor decision landed the famous sisters in the news. Without an investigation, police had no way of knowing whether the device was placed on the car by a family member or by a crazed stalker fan.


Although most of us will never find ourselves in the news like the Judds, it’s important that the decision to place a GPS tracking device on a vehicle is carefully considered. GPS tracking can provide an extra measure of safety when used to keep an eye on a teen who is out late, an elderly family member, or a person who travels alone often. However, it’s important that citizens consider the laws in their state and abide by the regulations that have been put in place. If they don’t, they could find themselves facing a fine.



Do Parents Have the Right to Track Their Children?

Friday, February 7, 2014

Crane Army Ammunition Activity Implements GPS Pilot Program

In December 2013, the Greene County (Indiana) Daily World ran an article about a GPS pilot program being implemented in their neighboring region, Martin County.


CC Image courtesy of The U.S. Army on Flickr

CC Image courtesy of The U.S. Army on Flickr


The Crane Army Ammunition Activity (CAAA) is one of the US Army’s largest ammunition depots. Located on Naval Support Activity (NSA) Crane, Indiana, the facility serves a variety of functions pertaining to ammunition, including receiving, producing, demilitarizing, and storing ammo. The facility also works with ordnance (i.e., military weapons)—improving and designing and developing ordnance processes and components. CAAA employs over 14,000 people, both civilian and military.


The CAAA Vision Statement reads,


We are and will remain the best producer and supplier of conventional munitions to the fighting ground, sea and air forces. Our commitment to quality will make our customers demand our services above all others. We are committed to continuous measurable process improvement throughout the organization.


They have also crafted a Mission Statement, which reads,


To receive, store, ship, produce, renovate and demilitarize conventional ammunition, missiles and related components to meet contingency requirements in support of the warfighter.


The CAAA base is heavily wooded and covers approximately 100 square miles, making visual location of crews and equipment impossible from headquarters. Therefore, in 2013 the CAAA initiated a GPS pilot program, installing GPS devices in twenty vehicles, enabling the Crane Army Operations Center to track each one of them.


Brief History of Crane Army Ammunition Activity


Although CAAA was initially established in 1977, the history of the site goes back to 1941, when the Crane Naval Ammunition Depot was established. In 1977, CAAA became a “tenant” on the Crane Naval Ammunition Depot (which by then had been renamed Naval Support Activity Crane). Command and control of the center transferred completely to CAAA in 1999.


CAAA’s facilities are quite impressive and include:


  • A machine shop that measures over 70,000 square feet

  • Over 200 buildings that are dedicated to production

  • Nearly 2000 facilities for ammunition storage

  • A demolition range and ammunition burning grounds that measure a combined total of approximately 120 acres

SatelliteClearly, GPS-enabled vehicles would be a huge benefit to such a large organization, especially considering the vastness of the facility as well as the potentially dangerous nature of the work done there.


CAAA’s GPS Pilot Program


In 2013 CAAA leadership implemented a GPS pilot program, allowing the command center to keep track of all crews and their equipment at all times, day or night. The operations coordinator pointed out that before the implementation of GPS devices, the CAAA had had difficulty locating crews sometimes during unusual weather conditions, such as severe winter weather and tornados. When working over such a large area and with such potentially dangerous materials, being able to locate employees and machines during possible emergencies quickly is of paramount concern—when even seconds can make a huge difference in protecting people’s health and lives.


Because of the expanse of the CAAA and its difficult terrain, CAAA leaders felt a pilot program was necessary—they wanted to be sure before implementing the program that it would work correctly, that there were no “dead spots” on the facility, and that the GPS devices were fully functional. They knew that setting up appropriate infrastructure initially was also of critical importance. Failure on any of these points could negate the usefulness of the program.


The Future of CAAA’s GPS Program


Of course, there are added benefits beyond merely knowing the location of vehicles and crews. Data provided by the GPS devices can be collected and analyzed to gain efficiencies and to help plan for future projects and to design best practices for the military at CAAA and in similar facilities. Analysts can capture and utilize data regarding time each job takes, how much “down time” crews have and why, and require a greater level of accountability from employees. Future work standards can be established as an outgrowth of the data as well.


In December of 2013 the Crane Army Site Manager pointed out that “extraordinary measures” are required to maximize efficiency as the Army looks to the future. GPS devices and technology can help assure that such efficiencies are gained. Army leadership is also hopeful that expenses can be lowered as a result of the technology as well—a very important factor, considering recent cuts to the military’s budget.


Army leaders are hopeful that, if the system is implemented at CAAA, its successes can then be replicated at other government ammo depots across the country. Does the system truly provide safety? Is it worth the expense? Such questions have to be answered fully before the CAAA’s GPS pilot program moves from “pilot” status to full, permanent implementation. CAAA leaders hope that will occur sometime in 2014.



Crane Army Ammunition Activity Implements GPS Pilot Program

Thursday, February 6, 2014

Bus Travel is Safer With GPS Tracking

Buses in Malaysia may soon be monitored more effectively for safe driving habits, thanks to GPS tracking. The Land and Public Transport Commission (SPAD) in Malaysia wants the technology to be installed on all public buses so that unsafe driving habits such as disregarding speed limits and traffic laws can be addressed. Currently, only a few of the buses that provide public transportation are equipped with tracking units. Although no law requires bus companies to use the technology, a spokesperson for SPAD said that they hope all companies will cooperate willingly. The buses would be monitored at a central location, making it easier to take action with drivers who are in violation of traffic laws.


red busHow GPS Tracking Helps Fleet Managers


Many fleet managers have already experienced the positive benefits of equipping vehicles with GPS tracking devices. Some of those benefits include:


  • More efficient routes—By monitoring the routes drivers take to reach their destinations, managers can determine where inefficiencies occur. They can determine the quickest route to a given destination, helping drivers reach their destinations faster and facilitating more calls or deliveries during the day.

  • Identification of inefficient driving habits—Habits like leaving the truck idling while it’s being unloaded at the shipping dock or eating lunch in the truck without turning off the engine can lead to significant fuel waste. GPS tracking can show when a truck is left idling for lengthy periods of time, giving managers the opportunity to retrain for more efficient habits.

  • Monitoring of driver adherence to stipulated company policy and traffic laws—GPS tracking allows fleet managers to monitor the speed at which a truck is being driven and to determine whether unauthorized stops or other company policy violations are happening during the day. If drivers know their trucks are being monitored, they will be more likely to comply with stated company policy.

  • Protection against theft—One of the most cost-saving benefits of GPS tracking is that it facilitates theft recovery if a vehicle is stolen. Expensive equipment like buses, construction vehicles, and large trucks can cost thousands of dollars to replace and since they are often left unattended at a work site, they make easy targets for theft. GPS tracking gives law enforcement departments the ability to quickly and easily locate the stolen vehicle and apprehend the thief, making it much more likely that the vehicle can be recovered before it is sold or broken down for parts.

Additional Benefits for Bus Companies


GPS = Accountability & Efficiency

GPS = Accountability & Efficiency


Not only does GPS tracking provide the general benefits listed above, but for bus companies, it can also provide benefits specific to the industry. In the United States, many transit companies have already implemented GPS tracking tools such as:


  • Monitoring routes for delays—When a bus is equipped with GPS tracking, it’s easy to tell if it’s running on schedule or not.

  • Providing real-time updates online—Passengers who need to catch the bus can check a website to see if it’s running on time or if they should expect a wait at the bus stop.

  • Protection for school children—School buses may experience delays in the morning, especially in cold weather when the roads are hazardous. GPS tracking lets parents know if the bus is running late and prevents kids from standing at the bus stop for long periods of time in snow or rain.

  • Monitoring driver habits—When the lives of passengers are at stake, it’s even more important that drivers scrupulously obey traffic laws. GPS tracking lets bus managers know if a driver is in the habit of speeding or making unsafe stops.

Getting on Board With GPS Tracking


Installing new systems on a large number of vehicles can be an expensive endeavor. However, most fleet managers have reported that GPS tracking devices pay themselves many times over in terms of fuel cost savings and theft prevention. In Malaysia, SPAD reports that the proposal to install the units on public buses has been well-received among most bus company operators. That’s good news for the many people who use public buses every day.


In the United States, criticisms of GPS tracking technology for public transportation often center on its expense, especially when that money comes out of taxpayer pockets. However, by citing the benefits and cost-saving potential of the devices, many cities have successfully received approval to take action.


Whether you’re looking at public bus companies, construction companies, or delivery companies, GPS tracking can make a huge difference in the efficiency of drivers and can also deliver cost savings of thousands of dollars over a relatively short period of time. Choosing to install GPS tracking devices on fleet vehicles isn’t a decision that should be taken lightly; however, it has the potential to save money, improve efficiency, and even save lives by helping managers alter driver behavior in a positive way.



Bus Travel is Safer With GPS Tracking

Wednesday, February 5, 2014

A Guardian Angel for your Christmas Angel

People steal all kinds of things for all kinds of reasons. Some steal out of necessity, such as to put food on the table. Some steal for the challenge or adrenaline rush: the person who steals not because he needs to, but because he wants to. While both of these reasons are wrong, one has to wonder what is going through the head of someone who steals nativity scene pieces from the local church. While this is usually the result of a prank of some sorts, and hopefully not done out of religious devotion, when it happens, it can really take some of the enjoyment out of the Christmas season for church members. This is where Brickhouse Security has found a little niche in the GPS locating market.


rosary-on-bible-1427670-mA New Way to Find Jesus


Churches are always looking for new ways to bring Jesus to people, but Brickhouse Security has a novel approach to nativity scene thefts that will help bring Jesus back to the church. During the recent Christmas season, Brickhouse allowed qualifying churches to use their GPS locating devices free of charge to help track down any figurine that disappears due to theft. The device is a small sending unit that is small enough to fit in the palm of your hand and can easily be hidden in almost any size nativity scene piece. If the piece shows any movement through the GPS sending unit, a member of the church can be alerted via text message and then the item can be found through GPS tracking.


A More Widespread Problem than You Would Think


While your own church may not have been the victim of this kind of theft, it is not a problem specific to any one location. Apparently, the problem is widespread enough that TV news stations in both New Jersey and Illinois ran reports on the problem. Unfortunately, a precursory Google search for “nativity scene stolen” returns results that show that this problem is occurring coast to coast in America. Hopefully, as more people find out about the possibility of GPS devices being located in the nativity scene statues, the number of thefts will go down. Unfortunately, if no one knows about this, they might be able to find the thieves, but it will not prevent the thefts from happening in the first place.




















Nativity Scene Thefts in the News for 2013 
LocationItem Stolen
Modesto, CABaby Jesus
Springfield, MOBaby Jesus, Mary, and Joseph
Lincoln, NEBaby Jesus
Basking Ridge, NJBaby Jesus
Olympia, WABaby Jesus
St. Joseph, MNBaby Jesus
Long Island, NYWise Men

You LoJack your car, so why not…


christmas-tree-globe-1435853-2-mThere are many GPS tracking devices out there, from LoJack to tracking your child through a wristwatch. There are many benefits to tracking your possessions. As mentioned above, people steal things for a variety of reasons. Whether you LoJack your car or laptop, there is a definite piece of mind that comes from know that your belongings can be tracked if they turn up missing. The same is true for nativity scene statues and figurines. These are important items for any church during the Christmas season, and losing the use of these statues has the ability to take something out of the Christmas season for the church goers and community.


The Technology is There


GPS tracking devices have become much more reliable over time and their prices are coming down to allow them to become more common. There are many different varieties of tracking devices that can be used for a variety of reasons. Almost anything you own that you want to keep track of can be tracked by a small GPS tracking device. They can now be used to keep tabs on your teenage children as they drive off in the family car. They can be used to locate your child when they get lost in the mall. They can be used to track your iPad if someone walks off with it. There are so many uses and ways to keep tabs that it is easy to see that GPS tracking will only continue to grow in its uses and availability in the coming years.


With all that is available with GPS tracking, it was only a matter of time before it was being used for something as simple as tracking stolen nativity scene pieces. The lesson here is that the next time you have an urge to play a prank on your local church, you might want to think twice before you walk off with Joseph or one of the wise men. As the Reverend Smith said in a news interview, “Of course God knows where they are, but now maybe we have a better chance to know as well.” With the GPS tracking, that knowledge for us is more certain.



A Guardian Angel for your Christmas Angel

Tuesday, February 4, 2014

Geocaching Is the New Hiking

In a simpler time, families spent quality time together outdoors. Parks around the country cleared hiking trails, routes into the depths of the forests and to the summits of mountains. During summer vacations and on weekends, you could find thousands of families walking these trails, talking to one another and marveling at the beauty of nature. Today, however, these trails are largely silent, and any families you see walking them are likely to contain at least one member who is glued to the screen of a phone or other device.


geocache buttonHow can we get our kids (and their parents!) back into nature? It’s much more convenient and less tiring to simply plop down in a movie theater seat and spend two hours “with the family.” And most kids would be happier playing a new video game all weekend than walking through a forest filled with bugs and dirt. Hiking may not be a major draw for families any more, but another activity is quickly gaining the attention of even the most technology-hooked couch potatoes: Geocaching.


A Fad that Doesn’t Feel Like a Fad


Geocaching takes the “mission” aspect of video games and places it in the great outdoors. Accomplishing geocaching goals feels even better than beating tough game levels, and it deviously forces participants to get some great exercise while they do it. Here are the basics of geocaching, although many specific games include their own variations:


  • Players are given latitude and longitude coordinates, which they must find in order to locate a hidden item.

  • It is legal (and encouraged) to use a GPS tracking device to pinpoint the item’s location.

  • The hidden item is usually a container with a logbook, in which the player can record his success in finding it.

  • The container may also contain a token or a code, which the player uses to receive a prize.

Geocaching is catching on like wildfire, but you won’t hear about it often in the mainstream news. Participants love the feeling that they are engaging in an activity that the general public is unaware of. There’s something very exciting about following your GPS tracker to a vacant lot in a suburban area, ignored by most people passing by, and finding a geocache hidden under a loose rock.


A related idea to geocaching is the concept of a video game that uses real-life GPS data. Some games feature a virtual world that is closely related to the portion of the real world that the player lives in. Surrounding buildings, lakes, and other features might take on different identities in the game, opening opportunities as the player travels to the real-life locations. This kind of experience is not as outdoors-focused as geocaching, however.


A Great Example


How to GeocacheThe state of Oregon claims to be the birthplace of geocaching, and is still a hotspot for the activity. The Metro park system in Portland has launched a complex geocaching game that is expected to last for quite some time. The geocaches, hidden in meaningful spots within the parks, educate players about nature and history as they find them. After collecting codes from all the caches, victorious players claim their prize—a commemorative coin—at the park headquarters. 450 coins are available, for the first 450 intrepid geocaching adventurers who complete the quest. The similarities to a great video game plot are unmistakable, but this adventure takes place in the real world!


Here are some similar recent projects that communities have used to introduce geocaching to people:














Ashland, KYSingle-day event with 15 geocachesRaises awareness for obesity and the Ashland downtown area
Anoka County, MN2-3 mile route, held in the middle of winterAims to get kids outdoors
Alderney, U.K.40 geocaches hidden on the island of AlderneyProject to attract tourists
Joondalup, AustraliaGeocache trail designed by high school studentsDraws attention to park and educates students about the environment

 


If you have been fighting the uphill battle to convince kids (or even your spouse) to get off the couch and take a walk outdoors, geocaching might just be the motivation you need. Check to see if there is a geocaching trail or event near your home, and the next weekend could see your family catch the geocaching bug. Before long, your kids might be pestering you to travel farther afield to take on greater quests.


Encouraging Outdoor Fun: Another Benefit of GPS


Too often, fitness advocates try to separate technology from nature and outdoor activities. There is a time to put down the devices and look around us, but perhaps a better approach is the one embraced by geocaching: combining technology with exercise, adventure, exploration, and fun in the great outdoors. After all, what other tool can convince a video game lover to spend hours hiking through the woods again?



Geocaching Is the New Hiking